李浩文 陝西雲德律師事務所
婚姻家庭關係作為與咱們日常生活最密切的關係之一，到底在《民法典》中發生了怎樣的變化？
As one of the closest relationships with our daily lives, what changes have taken place in the "Civil Code" of marriage and family relations?
一、增設「30天離婚冷靜期」規定
《民法典》第一千零七十七條規定：自婚姻登記機關收到離婚登記申請之日起三十日內，任何一方不願意離婚的，可以向婚姻登記機關撤回離婚登記申請。前款規定期間屆滿後三十日內，雙方應當親自到婚姻登記機關申請發給離婚證；未申請的，視為撤回離婚登記申請。
從該條規定可以看出，以往協議離婚即辦即離的時代一去不復返，現在協議離婚最快也要31天，甚至更加久遠。對於該條規定，引起網上熱議，有人支持，認為「可以防止閃婚閃離，避免衝動型離婚」；有人反對，認為「限制了離婚自由，成年人有權且應當對自己的行為負責，大多數人離婚都是在深思熟慮後進行的，冷靜期的規定使多數人為少數人的行為買單」。設置30天冷靜期的初衷是為了維護婚姻家庭的穩定，也符合社會正確價值觀，夫妻雙方應當充分利用這30天正確審視、思考婚姻和家庭的價值和意義，包括離婚給雙方家庭特別是未成年子女所帶來的影響，謹慎選擇。此外，對於當事人而言，在這30天內，也應當做好訴訟離婚的準備，包括夫妻共同財產的證據收集和固定，以防止對方利用這一時間漏洞進行財產轉移以及拖延離婚，從而有效避免後期的離婚難和訴訟難。與此同時，對於律師而言，也可以指導離婚協議的完善起草、簽署分居協議明確分居時間，或在此前有條件的簽署夫妻財產約定，防止協議離婚不成導致離婚協議無效，以及提醒當事人在此期間內避免繼續受到婚內家暴等情形。
1. The "30-day cooling-off period for divorce" is added
Article 1077 of the "Civil Code" stipulates that within 30 days from the date when the marriage registration authority receives the application for divorce registration, if either party is unwilling to divorce, it may withdraw the divorce registration application to the marriage registration authority. Within 30 days after the expiration of the period specified in the preceding paragraph, both parties shall personally go to the marriage registration authority to apply for the issuance of a divorce certificate; if they fail to apply, they shall be deemed to have withdrawn their divorce registration application.
It can be seen from this article that in the past, the era of divorce by agreement is gone, and now it takes 31 days at the earliest, or even longer. Regarding this provision, it has aroused hot discussion on the Internet. Some people support it and believe that "flash marriages can be prevented, and impulsive divorce can be avoided." Some people oppose that "the freedom of divorce is restricted. Adults have the right and should be responsible for their actions. Most Divorce is carried out after careful consideration, and the cooling-off period makes most people pay for the actions of a few people.」 The original intention of setting the 30-day cooling-off period is to maintain the stability of the marriage and family, and it is also in line with the correct values of society. Both spouses should make full use of these 30 days to correctly examine and think about the value and meaning of marriage and family, including divorce for both families, especially minors. Choose carefully about the impact of your children. In addition, for the parties, within these 30 days, they should also prepare for divorce proceedings, including the collection and fixation of evidence of the husband and wife’s joint property, to prevent the other party from using this time loophole to transfer property and delay the divorce, thereby effectively avoiding later Divorce and litigation are difficult. At the same time, for lawyers, they can also guide the perfect drafting of the divorce agreement, sign the separation agreement to clarify the time of separation, or sign a conditional agreement on the property of the husband and wife before, to prevent the failure of the divorce agreement and cause the divorce agreement to be invalid, and to remind the parties here During the period, avoid continuing to suffer from marital domestic violence.
二、患有重大疾病將不再屬於禁止結婚的情形
《民法典》第一千零五十三條規定：一方患有重大疾病的，應當在結婚登記前如實告知另一方；不如實告知的，另一方可以向人民法院請求撤銷婚姻。請求撤銷婚姻的，應當自知道或者應當知道撤銷事由之日起一年內提出。
原婚姻法第七條規定「患有醫學上認為不應當結婚的疾病」為禁止結婚的情形。而《民法典》將這一規定進行了取消，只要在婚前盡到如實告知義務，便不再受影響，充分尊重和保障了公民的婚姻自主權。
2. Suffering from a major illness will no longer be a ban on marriage
Article 1053 of the "Civil Code" stipulates that: if one party suffers from a serious illness, he should truthfully inform the other party before marriage registration; if not truthfully, the other party can request the people's court to cancel the marriage. A request for cancellation of a marriage shall be made within one year from the date when the reason for the cancellation is known or should have been known.
Article 7 of the original Marriage Law stipulated that "suffering from a medically deemed disease that should not be married" is a situation where marriage is prohibited. The "Civil Code" abolished this provision. As long as the obligation of truthful notification is fulfilled before marriage, it will no longer be affected, fully respecting and guaranteeing citizens' marriage autonomy.
編輯：周友春
校對：楊彩虹
走進雲德
陝西雲德律師事務所
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