「GRE閱讀解析」Passage 15詳細解析

教英語的狗狗老師 發佈 2020-01-12T07:41:21+00:00

David Belasco’s 1912 Broadway production of The Governors Lady created a sensation with a scene set in a Childs cafeteria, a chain restauran

David Belasco’s 1912 Broadway production of The Governors Lady created a sensation with a scene set in a Childs cafeteria, a chain restaurant that was an innovator in food standardization and emblematic of modern everyday life. While Belasco’s meticulously detailed reproduction of an immediately recognizable setting impressed the public, it was derided by progressive theater critics who championed the New Stagecraft theories of European artists like Max Reinhardt. The New Stagecraft rejected theatrical literalism; it drew inspiration from the subjectivity and minimalism of modern painters, advocating simplified sets designed to express a dramatic texts central ideas. Such critics considered Belasco a craftsman who merely captured surface realities: a true artist eliminated the inessential to create more meaningful, expressive stage images.

1. The author of the passage implies which of the following about Belasco’s production of The Governors Lady?

A. It was dismissed by certain theater critics who misunderstood Belasco’s conception of modernity.

B. It was intended to marshal elements of the New Stagecraft to serve Belasco’s predilection for realistic staging.

C. It demonstrated that theatrical literalism could be used effectively to express a dramatic texts central ideas.

D. It elicited responses that reflected a discrepancy between popular tastes in entertainment and the tastes of progressive theater critics.

E. It relied on the appeal of an impressively realistic stage set to compensate for weaknesses in other aspects of the production.


答案:D

2. It can be inferred that the theater critics would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the theatrical productions?

A. Theatrical productions that seek to eliminate the inessential also often eliminate theatrical elements that enhance the expressiveness of a play.

B. Theatrical productions that faithfully recreate the visual details of everyday life are unlikely to do justice to a good play’s central ideas.

C. Theatrical productions that employ the minimalism characteristic of modern paintings may have greater appeal to modern audiences than productions that rely on theatrical literalism.

D. Theatrical productions that aim to represent truths about modern life should not attempt to employ elements of the New Stagecraft.

E. Theatrical productions that attempt to produce authentic-looking scenes of everyday reality are likely to fail in that goal because of the theaters inherent limitations.


答案:B

解析見下。

David Belasco’s 1912 Broadway production of The Governors Lady created a sensation with a scene set in a Childs cafeteria, a chain restaurant that was an innovator in food standardization and emblematic of modern everyday life.

第1句:大衛貝拉斯科1912年製作的《州長夫人》百老匯音樂劇通過一個設置在一個Childs餐廳的場景創造出了轟動,(該餐廳)是一家連鎖餐廳,是食品標準化的創新者和現代日常生活的象徵。

重點表達:created a sensation with a scene。該劇在(觀眾?)間創造了轟動的效果,因為該劇的一個場景設計成了當時一個知名連鎖餐廳的樣子。

為什麼音樂劇里出現了某知名連鎖餐廳的場景,會讓觀眾覺得轟動呢?一定是當時的音樂劇沒人這麼做過咯。

While Belasco’s meticulously detailed reproduction of an immediately recognizable setting impressed the public, it was derided by progressive theater critics who championed the New Stagecraft theories of European artists like Max Reinhardt.

第2句:雖然貝拉斯科對立即可(被觀眾)識別的環境進行的細緻的再現給觀眾留下了深刻的印象,但是它卻受到了先進的影院評論家的嘲笑,他們支持Max Reinhardt等歐洲藝術家的新舞台藝術理論。

立即可(被觀眾)識別的環境——該連鎖餐廳的環境。該連鎖餐廳是「現代日常生活的象徵」,也就是觀眾一看到設計成該餐廳的舞台場景,就馬上認出了這個場景表現的是那個餐廳的樣子。

貝拉斯科對立即可(被觀眾)識別的環境進行的細緻的再現——既然是舞台上,當然不是真正的餐廳,而是藝術家細緻地把餐廳的樣子複製到了舞台上。

貝拉斯科對立即可(被觀眾)識別的環境進行的細緻的再現給觀眾留下了深刻的印象——估計以前從沒有別的劇把現實生活里的連鎖餐廳的形象搬上舞台,所以這個人的創意給當時的觀眾留下了深刻的印象,也就是前文所說的「造成轟動」。

但是它卻受到了先進的影院評論家的嘲笑,他們支持Max Reinhardt等歐洲藝術家的新舞台藝術理論。——先進的評論家們很看不上這種【在舞台上細緻地塑造現實情境】做法,他們支持逼格更高的歐洲藝術家的新舞台藝術理論。這當然意味著,歐洲藝術家的新舞台藝術理論是反對【在舞台上細緻地塑造現實情境】的。

The New Stagecraft rejected theatrical literalism; it drew inspiration from the subjectivity and minimalism of modern painters, advocating simplified sets designed to express a dramatic texts central ideas.

第3句:新舞台藝術拒絕戲劇的寫實主義;它從現代畫家的主觀性和極簡主義中汲取靈感,倡導用簡化的場景以表達戲劇性文本的中心思想。

這句話的dramatic texts central ideas估計中間掉了什麼介詞之類,不完整。大意如上。

新舞台藝術拒絕戲劇的寫實主義——我們從上一句就能看出,新舞台藝術理論反對【在舞台上細緻地塑造現實情境】。所以戲劇的寫實主義就包括【在舞台上細緻地塑造現實情境】。

新舞台藝術理論反對【在舞台上細緻地塑造現實情境】,贊同的自然就是不要細緻塑造現實情境。所以它贊同的是【簡化的場景以表達戲劇性文本的中心思想】。

而現代畫家的主觀性和極簡主義自然就與【寫實主義】是矛盾的。

Such critics considered Belasco a craftsman who merely captured surface realities: a true artist eliminated the inessential to create more meaningful, expressive stage images.

第4句:這樣的批評者認為貝拉斯科是一個僅僅捕捉表面上的現實的工匠:一個真正的藝術家(應)消除無關緊要的來創造更有意義、更有表現力的舞台形象。

意思和上句差不多。在逼格頗高的新舞台藝術理論看來,貝拉斯科因為如此細緻地模仿現實,而算不上藝術家,只能算個匠人。真正的藝術家所做的不是複製現實場景,而是省略掉不必要的對外在現實的複製,把重心放在表現精髓。

1. The author of the passage implies which of the following about Belasco’s production of The Governors Lady?

這篇文章的作者關於Belasco貝拉斯科製作的《州長夫人》暗示了下列哪一項?

A. It was dismissed by certain theater critics who misunderstood Belasco’s conception of modernity.

A.它被一些誤解了貝拉斯科的現代性概念的戲劇評論家所否定。

根據文章的意思,評論家是看不上貝拉斯科,而不是誤解貝拉斯科。A錯。

B. It was intended to marshal elements of the New Stagecraft to serve Belasco’s predilection for realistic staging.

B.它的目的是為了排列新舞台藝術的元素,為貝拉斯科對現實主義的舞台設計的偏好提供服務。

文章里只能看出貝拉斯科採用了現實主義的舞台設計,至於他是不是真的對這種設計有偏好,誰知道呢?還有這部劇的目的是啥,文章完全沒提。B錯。

C. It demonstrated that theatrical literalism could be used effectively to express a dramatic texts central ideas.

C.它表明戲劇的現實主義可以被有效地用來表達戲劇性的文本中心思想。

評論家們批評貝拉斯科,說的就是他只知道用現實主義模仿現實,但是現實主義無法像高逼格的新舞台藝術理論那樣表達戲劇性的文本中心思想。C錯。

D. It elicited responses that reflected a discrepancy between popular tastes in entertainment and the tastes of progressive theater critics.

D.它引發了反應,反映了針對娛樂的大眾品味和先進的戲劇評論家的品味的不一致。

這部作品在觀眾中引起了轟動,卻遭到了評論家的批評。自然可以體現出觀眾與評論家品味的不一致。D對。

E. It relied on the appeal of an impressively realistic stage set to compensate for weaknesses in other aspects of the production.

E.它依靠一個令人印象深刻的現實舞台的吸引力來彌補作品其他方面的弱點。

文章哪裡說了這個作品的其他方面了?說都沒說,怎麼看得出弱點優點?E錯。

2. It can be inferred that the theater critics would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the theatrical productions?

可以推斷劇場評論家最可能會同意以下哪項關於戲劇作品的陳述?

A. Theatrical productions that seek to eliminate the inessential also often eliminate theatrical elements that enhance the expressiveness of a play.

A.試圖消除無關緊要(的東西)的戲劇作品通常也會消除增強劇本表現力的戲劇元素。

胡說。最後一句,評論家們認為,一個真正的藝術家(應)消除無關緊要的,來創造更有意義、更有表現力的舞台形象。也就是恰恰消除了無關緊要(的東西),才能加強劇本的表現力。A錯。

B. Theatrical productions that faithfully recreate the visual details of everyday life are unlikely to do justice to a good play’s central ideas.

B.忠實地再現日常生活的視覺細節的戲劇作品不可能使好戲的中心思想得到充分發揮。

注意do justice to的意思。它有公平對待;使…的價值充分發揮;適當處理的意思。這裡顯然不是取【公平對待】的意思,而應該取後兩項意思。

最後一句,評論家們認為,一個真正的藝術家(應)消除無關緊要的,來創造更有意義、更有表現力的舞台形象。像貝拉斯科那樣忠實地再現日常生活的視覺細節,就是匠人而不是藝術家,無法使好戲的中心思想得到充分發揮。B對。

C. Theatrical productions that employ the minimalism characteristic of modern paintings may have greater appeal to modern audiences than productions that rely on theatrical literalism.

C.採用現代繪畫的極簡主義特徵的戲劇作品可能比依靠戲劇現實主義的作品更能吸引現代觀眾。

把評論家的觀點拋開,只從文章來看,這個可能性不大。當時的觀眾是很歡迎貝拉斯科的戲劇現實主義的作品的。如果弄個採用現代繪畫的極簡主義特徵的戲劇作品,太抽象太前衛,逼格太高,當時的觀眾喜不喜歡真的難說。

更關鍵的是,評論家們逼格高,他們是從藝術價值的角度支持極簡主義特徵的戲劇作品的,他們從沒討論過哪種作品更吸引觀眾的問題。C錯。

D. Theatrical productions that aim to represent truths about modern life should not attempt to employ elements of the New Stagecraft.

D.旨在表現現代生活真相的戲劇作品不應該嘗試使用新舞台藝術的元素。

評論家們不是覺得表現現代生活就不應該使用新舞台藝術的元素。他們是覺得真正的藝術家應該用比較藝術的、高逼格的方式(也就是新舞台藝術推崇的方式)來表現現代生活,而不應該用複製現實場景的方式表現現代生活。D錯。

E. Theatrical productions that attempt to produce authentic-looking scenes of everyday reality are likely to fail in that goal because of the theaters inherent limitations.

E.試圖製作看起來真實的日常現實場景的戲劇作品很可能因為劇院固有的局限性而失敗。

評論家們從沒討論過【可行性】的問題。他們不是因為【不可行】而反對製作真實場景的戲劇的,他們是因為覺得這種戲劇不夠藝術而反對它們。E錯。


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