新未來主義花園 / Alexandre Grivko - 景觀園林設計

受印象派創始人(同時也是一位喜愛園藝的藝術家）莫奈的啟發，法國著名女演員Madame Thebault建造了這座花園。1903年，她為這座花園種下了第一棵樹，當地的園林設計師Auguste Lecanu協助她處理了花園其他建造事宜，實現了她的夢想花園，這座花園也正是因為其源自莫奈的藝術氛圍，才得以保存至今。

這座花園橫跨雪花石膏海岸的懸崖(諾曼第的一個自然奇觀)，花園的深處是泰博特夫人以其最喜歡的女主角名字命名的Roxelane別墅。這位歷史人物因其勇敢和無私奉獻的愛，名聲遠超她的丈夫蘇雷曼大帝，她非凡的一生也成為了無數文學作品、電影和戲劇的創作源泉。

這位女演員精心呵護著她種植的大量的蘭花，這些蘭花對她來說仿佛是蘇雷曼後宮妃子的化身，有助於她在排練女主角Roxelane時進入角色，也正是這個角色給泰博特夫人帶來了巨大的成功，並把她推上了舞台和銀幕。今天，Les Jardins d』Étretat花園以蘭花紀念該花園創始人的創造力。

Les Jardins d』Étretat花園的主露台坐落在著名的d』Amont懸崖上。莫奈曾花了很多時間在這個獨一無二的地方創作他的油畫——一系列基於『Les Falaises d』Étretat』花園的油畫和素描。用藝術家自己的話來說，「這裡的懸崖是獨一無二的」。許多世界各地的美學家來到這裡尋找靈感，包括藝術家、園林愛好者、自然、建築和藝術愛好者，尤其是莫奈的崇拜者和追隨者。來到諾曼第的遊客會因喜歡周圍的風景和千姿百態的懸崖，而在這永恆的美景中找到與他們慷慨激昂的思緒和情感的呼應。

Inspired by the founder of Impressionism, the artist with a passion for gardening, Claude Monet, the renowned Belle Époque French actress Madame Thébault decided to create a garden, planting the first tree in 1903. A local landscape gardener Auguste Lecanu helped Madame Thébault to deal with practicalities and make her dream garden a reality. However, it is to Claude Monet that the garden owes its ambience which has been carefully preserved until the present day.

The garden sprawls across the cliffs of the Alabaster Coast (Côte d』Albâtre), a natural wonder of Normandy. Deep in the garden lays hidden the old villa Roxelane named after Madame Thébault’s favourite heroine. This historical figure eclipsed the fame of her husband, Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, through her courage and devoted love. Roxelana’s extraordinary life has become the source for innumerable literary works, films and theatre plays.

The actress tenderly loved her vast collection of orchids. To her, they personified the concubines of the Sultan Suleiman’s harem. This helped her to get into character while rehearsing the role of her heroine Roxelana. It was exactly the role that brought Madame Thébault great success and catapulted her to the heights of stage and silver-screen stardom. Today, the orchids of Les Jardins d』Étretat commemorate the creativity of the garden’s historical foundress.

The main terrace of Les Jardins d』Étretat sits on the famous cliff d』Amont. Claude Monet spent many long hours at this unique place working on his canvases – a series of paintings and sketches based on 『Les Falaises d』Étretat』. In artist’s own words, 「the cliffs here are like nowhere else「. The connoisseurs of beauty from across the globe arrive here searching for inspiration. This terrace is a magnet for artists, garden aficionados, nature, architecture and art lovers, especially the admirers and followers of Claude Monet. Visitors to Normandy find their impassioned thoughts, moods and feelings echoed in the eternal beauty of the scenery, as they delight in the surrounding landscape views and myriad of colours of the Étretat cliffs.

未來從今天開始 The Future Begins Today

我們今天所見的主要建築趨勢都是為了恢復樂觀主義，在這個技術和尖端科學進步將為人類和自然世界造福的時代，恢復對我們地球更美好、更具有生態意識的未來的信心。21世紀的新未來主義(我們這個時代主要藝術運動的名稱)在其發展方式上與以往的所有運動有本質的不同，它密切關注著各種領域的技術發展，包括藝術和建築。

這一20世紀末至21世紀初的先鋒派運動來自城市設計師們的創意，他們宣稱的是，日常人類活動應該在以用戶為導向的基礎設施中舒適地行進，這應該是優先於任何其他考量的。這一基於權宜之計、極簡主義、可持續性、倫理和技術效率的原則的藝術運動的主要代表分別是建築師Rem Koolhaas、Zaha Hadid、Santiago Calatrava和設計師Vito di Bari。

新未來主義的原則已迅速傳播到各種藝術學科，包括雕塑、建築、機械製造、時尚產業、電影，甚至文學。科技進步和創新推動了這一運動的迅速普及，並將新未來主義理念轉化為現實創造了大量潛在的機會，然而，由於植物的脆弱性，這些元素在花園和景觀設計領域的發展速度要慢得多——這是希望創造宏偉雕塑植物組合的設計師所面臨的最大挑戰。對他們來說，修剪過的雕塑植物是未來花園空間布局的一種新建築材料。

2007年，設計師兼建築師Vito di Bari發表了《新未來主義城市宣言》，該宣言隨後由米蘭團隊提交，申請主辦2015年世博會。Di Bari將他的新未來主義願景定義為「交叉融合藝術、前沿技術和倫理價值觀，以共同創造更高質量的生活。」

The dominant architectural trends we are witnessing today are geared towards reviving optimism and restoring faith in a better, more ecologically aware future of our planet, where technology and cutting-age scientific advancements will serve for the benefit of the humankind and the natural world. The neo-futurism of the 21st century (such is the name given to the leading artistic movement of our time) is essentially different from all previous movements in its evolutionary approach. It closely follows technological developments in a variety of fields, including art and architecture.

This avant-garde movement of the late 20th – early 21st century was the brainchild of the urbanist architects proclaiming that everyday human activities should comfortably run in a user- oriented infrastructure, which should take precedence over any other considerations. This movement is grounded in the principles of expediency, minimalism, sustainability, ethics and technological efficiency. Its leading representatives are the architects Rem Koolhaas, Zaha Hadid, Santiago Calatrava and the designer Vito di Bari.

The principles of neo-futurism have rapidly spread across a variety of artistic disciplines, including sculpture, architecture, machine building, fashion industry, film, and even literature. The burgeoning popularity of this movement has been spurred on by technological advancements and innovations, which have created a host of potential opportunities for turning neo- futuristic ideas into reality. However, these elements evolve at a much slower pace in the field of the garden and landscape design due to the fragility of live plants – the biggest challenge faced by designers who wish to create grandiose sculptural plant compositions. To them, trimmed plants are new architectural material for spatial arrangement of the gardens of the future.

In 2007, the designer and architect Vito di Bari published 『The Neo-Futuristic City Manifesto,』 which was subsequently submitted by the Milan team applying to host Expo 2015. Di Bari defined his neo-futuristic vision as 「a cross-pollination of art, cutting-edge technologies, and ethical values, combined to create a pervasively higher quality of life.」

第一個基於新未來主義理念的開放性實驗花園

Les Jardins d』Étretat is the First Public Experimental Garden Based on Neo-Futuristic Ideas as the Garden of the Future.

2015年，Alexandre Grivko重新構思並改造了這座花園，從前的花園植物得以恢復，其邊界部分也繼續豐富擴展了自己的新形象。該項目最主要的價值在於它使得古典園林與當代建築美學思想和諧共存，並形成了一種新未來主義園林觀。

Alexandre Grivko reconceptualised and restructured the garden in 2015. The historical plant collection was restored and Les Jardins d』Étretat continued enriching themselves with new imagery, as its boundaries expanded. The merit of this project lied in a harmonious coexistence of the old historical garden with contemporary architectural aesthetic ideas, eventually resulting in a neo-futuristic vision of the garden.

Les Jardins d』Étretat是完全根據設計師自己的想法來創建的，設計師的想法是在短短兩年時間內種植一個至少有半個世紀歷史的花園。為了實現這一目標，他借鑑了法國著名景觀和園藝藝術家、凡爾賽花園和公園的大師級創造者-André Le Nôtre的方法論。Le Nôtre在設計凡爾賽宮園林時，是以創紀錄的時間完成這項工作的，因為他並沒有運用很多植物，而是限制性的利用少數幾種植物的修剪、組合來獲得驚人的視覺效果。Alexandre Grivko重新發現並創造了André Le Nôtre的大師風範，他的標誌性風格也在Les Jardins d』Étretat花園中達到了新高度。在建立花園時，Grivko根據Le Nôtre的藝術哲學，通過雕刻修剪大型植物組合來布局空間。

Les Jardins d』Étretat were created following the designer’s own method that allowed him to grow a garden that appears at least half a century old within just two years. To achieve this goal, the architect drew from the methodology of André Le Nôtre, the historically acclaimed French landscape and gardening artist, and the master-creator of gardens and parks at Versailles. As he set to complete his work at Versailles in record time, Le Nôtre limited himself only to a few plant species, thus, achieving a striking visual effect through expressively trimmed plant compositions. Having rediscovered and reinvented the mastery of André Le Nôtre, the signature style of Alexandre Grivko has reached new heights in Les Jardins d』Étretat. In setting up the garden, Grivko relied on the artistic philosophy of Le Nôtre, which prompted him to arrange the space through sculpted large- scale plant compositions.

花園內共種植了超過15萬株植物。這是一個名副其實的實驗室，其主要目的是探索和測試新的植物護理技術，以及進行雕塑植物修剪實驗。花園的空間布局採用了令人印象深刻的大規模植物種植組合，其酷似諾曼第的自然風景特徵的整體形狀，由不同形態的植物組合形成，如英吉利海峽的「波浪」、「海洋」的螺旋和漩渦、「牡蠣養殖場」、雪花石膏海岸的「岩層和拱門」等。Les Jardins d』Étretat不僅是為了展示諾曼第的生物多樣性和自然景觀，同時也是一個證明園林藝術中可應用新方法的機會。

The gardens feature over 150,000 plants. It is a veritable experimental laboratory, whose main goals are to search for and test new plant nursing technologies while experimenting with sculptural plant trimming. The garden space is arranged with the help of impressively-scaled plant compositions, the shapes of which are evocative of the landscapes and the natural features of Normandy. The plants are plied into different forms, such as the 「waves「 of the English Channel, 「sea「 spirals and whirlpools, 「oyster farms「, 「rock formations and arches「 of the Alabaster coast, among others. Les Jardins d』Étretat is not only an attempt to showcase the biodiversity and natural beauty of Normandy, but also an opportunity to demonstrate new methods applied in the art of landscaping.

同時，Les Jardins d』Étretat也是一個露天開放的當代藝術博物館，其藝術品就是花園裡這些獨特的藏品。修剪的植物與現代雕塑裝置的結合給花園增添了獨特的色調韻味和鮮明的個性。

Les Jardins d』Étretat is an open-air museum of contemporary art, which features a unique collection of art objects. The unusual combination of trimmed plants and contemporary sculptures lends the gardens their tone, as well as a striking sense of individuality.

Les Jardins d』Étretat代表了園藝藝術的最佳狀態，在當代藝術領域以及全球專業園林設計中占有特殊的地位。花園博物館中的展覽有永久性的，也有臨時性的。其永久收藏的現代雕塑是這座花園的建築核心，如果沒有這些雕塑的亮點，那它的藝術完整性、戲劇性和總體氛圍也會消失。

Les Jardins d』Étretat represent the art of gardening at its best and occupies a special place in the field of contemporary art, as well as in the global community of professional garden design. The museum display consists of permanent and temporary expositions. The permanent collection of contemporary sculpture is at the architectural core of the garden, whose artistic integrity, dramaturgy and general ambience would have been lost without these sculptural highlights.

本次展覽聚焦了花園園林藝術界裡所有的鮮明個性。臨時展覽與一年一度的夏季花園同步推出，這些展覽的主要目的是發展一種社會、自然和藝術環境，以激發創造力、提升道德價值、保護環境和保護歷史文化遺產。Grivko認為，一個人周圍的風景是這個人內在自我的延伸，因此，他希望保持他工作中的淡雅和克制，避免過度的線性圖形或過於明亮的色調。

This exposition brings to focus the striking individuality of Les Jardins d』Étretat in the world of landscaping art. The temporary exhibitions concur with annual summer season launches the gardens. The primary goal of these exhibitions is to develop a social, natural and artistic milieu aimed to stimulate creativity, improve ethical values, preserve the environment and protect historical and cultural heritage. Grivko believes that the landscape surrounding a person is an extension of this person’s inner self. Therefore, he aims to keep his work restrained and limited, and to avoid excessive graphic linearity or overly bright colour palettes.

Alexandre Grivko的所有創作原則都是根據一個人在空間中的位置以及他們在空間中所經歷的自我意識狀態來決定的。他一直力求營造和諧感和完全的視覺舒適感。Les Jardins d』Étretat的歷史、藝術和建築意義在於運用了新未來主義的幾個先鋒派原則。其園林作品體現了大尺度的新未來主義理念，與時俱進的未來藝術，反映了人類文化進步的現狀。

The dogmatic principle for all of his creations is defined by the position of a person in space and by the states of self- awareness they experience in it. He strives for a sense of harmony and complete visual comfort. The historical, artistic and architectural significance of Les Jardins d』Étretat lies in the application of several avant- garde principles of Neo-futurism. The garden compositions embody large-scale neo-futuristic ideas, the art of the future staying apace with its time, mirroring the present state of the cultural advancement of humanity.

在傳統上來說，我們共有五種主要的園林風格：傳統法式園林、義大利園林、英國自然式園林以及亞洲園林(如日本園林)和東方園林。Alexandre Grivko通過反覆嘗試，成功地開發了一種全新的新未來主義花園風格：以現代手法為基礎，通過修剪過的雕塑狀植物來布局空間。Les Jardins d』Étretat建成後，將會作為一種獨特風格的園林的第一個標本載入園林史冊，但目前這種風格尚未確定其名稱。

Traditionally, there are five major garden styles known to exist: formal regular French garden, formal Italian garden, informal English landscape garden as well as Asian garden (e.g., Japanese) and Oriental garden (such as Persian or Mughal gardens). Through trial and error, Alexandre Grivko has successfully been experimenting with developing a new garden style, steeped exclusively in neo-futuristic ideas. The modern approach lies at the foundation of this style; the space is arranged by means of new sculpted shapes of trimmed plants. When completed, Les Jardins d』Étretat will be recorded in the history of landscape gardening as the first specimen of a unique style of garden architecture, the name of which has yet to be established.